For decades, the Bombardier Lear C-21 has played a crucial role in Air Mobility Command’s global airlift operation. As a stalwart of the Air Force's fleet, the Lear C-21 is a symbol of VIP transport throughout the military. Before they even entered military service, Lear jets had a rich history in corporate travel and private air transport.

In this exploration, we’ll delve into the history of the Bombardier Lear C-21. We’ll discuss: 

  1. Bombardier Aviation
  2. The history of the Bombardier Lear C-21
  3. Bombardier Lear C-21 specs
  4. Military roles of the Bombardier Lear C-21
  5. Future of the Bombardier Lear C-21
  6. Bombardier Lear C-21 Sustainment at Greenwood Aerospace

As these iconic jets age, aircraft sustainment for Bombardier Lear C-21s becomes more and more important. Proper maintenance and parts replacement are essential for keeping your aircraft safe and reliable, and minimizing downtime relating to mechanical issues.

At Greenwood Aerospace, we provide sustainment of Bombardier Lear C-21s, as well as a variety of other fixed-wing aircraft, including: 

We’re a leader in the supply and procurement of original and aftermarket aircraft parts and accessories, as well as aircraft ground support, kitting and logistics services, and expert supply chain management. Whatever you need to keep your aircraft safely in the sky, we’re here to support you! 

Contact us with any questions, or request a quote here. In the meantime, let’s explore the Bombardier Lear C-21. 

About Bombardier Aviation

Headquartered in Dorval, Quebec, Bombardier Aviation stands as a giant in the aerospace industry, renowned for its innovative aircraft. With a legacy spanning decades, it has consistently set benchmarks for excellence, shaping the course of modern aviation. Let’s start our guide to the Bombardier Lear C-21 with a closer look at Bombardier Aviation itself.

History

Founded in 1942 by Joseph-Armand Bombardier in Quebec, Canada, Bombardier initially gained recognition for its invention of the snowmobile. However, its foray into aviation didn’t begin until 1986 with the takeover of Canadair and the introduction of the Challenger series of business jets. 

Over the years, Bombardier expanded its portfolio, developing a spectrum of aircraft renowned for their engineering brilliance and performance. As well as Canadair, Bombardier acquired the following notable aircraft and aerospace manufacturing companies: 

These acquisitions built a strong foundation for Bombardier to build from and paved the way for some of the company’s most recognized aircraft among both civilian and military clientele.

Iconic Aircraft

Among its iconic aircraft, the Learjet series remains a standout for Bombardier. Launched in the early 1960s, the Learjet became synonymous with luxury and speed in the business aviation sector, and has reached new heights under the Bombardier name. 

The Learjet line, particularly the Learjet 23, revolutionized private travel, offering unprecedented speed and comfort for its time. Its sleek design and impressive performance solidified its status as an emblem of prestige in the aviation world.

Another notable Bombardier aircraft is the E-11A BACN (battlefield airborne communications node). This military aircraft has been operating for over a decade and plays a critical role in translating and relaying voice communications, imagery, and other battlespace information from numerous sources across multiple communication networks.

Other iconic Bombardier aircraft include: 

  • Dash 8 Series 400
  • CRJ100/200/440
  • CSeries (now Airbus A220)
  • Bombardier 415 amphibious aircraft
  • Bombardier Global Express and Challenger series

Due to its takeover of multiple aircraft manufacturers, Bombardier has an eclectic fleet of aircraft to its name. However, it’s safe to say that the Learjets are the most iconic of all. 

Learjet Takeover

Bombardier's acquisition of the Learjet Corporation in 1990 marked a pivotal moment in its history. This strategic move enabled Bombardier to consolidate its position in the business aviation market significantly. By integrating Learjet's expertise and product line into its portfolio, Bombardier enhanced its offerings and solidified its standing as a key contributor in commercial fixed-wing aviation. 

The acquisition allowed Bombardier to leverage Learjet's legacy, incorporating its innovative technologies and design philosophies into subsequent aircraft developments. Soon after the takeover, the Learjet 31A and Learjet 60 aircraft went into development. The Learjet model 35, which the Bombardier Lear C-21 is based on, was produced by Learjet originally from 1973, and until 1993 following the 1990 Bombardier takeover. 

Bombardier Today

Today, Bombardier Aviation continues to be a prominent force in the aerospace sector. While facing market challenges and restructuring, the company maintains a robust presence with its diverse range of aircraft. The Challenger and Global series have maintained their position as leaders in the business jet market, known for their exceptional performance, range, and luxurious interiors. 

Bombardier has recently divested several of its assets, including de Havilland, its CSeries program, its share in Airbus Canada, and various other entities, marking a strategic exit from the commercial aviation sector. Recently, it was rumored that Bombardier may be selling its business jet activities to Textron, the company instead agreed to sell its rail division and now intends to focus wholly on business aviation. 

A United States Air Force Bombardier Lear C-21 on a runway
Image Source

The History of the Bombardier Lear C-21

Now that we’ve explored Bombardier’s past, where exactly does the Lear C-21 fit in? The history of the Bombardier Lear C-21 traces back to the iconic Learjet series, a testament to innovation, speed, and luxury in business aviation. Evolving from its predecessors, the Learjet 35, 36, and 36A, the C-21 emerged as a specialized variant tailored to meet the unique demands of the U.S. Air Force. Here’s how the C-21 evolved into an iconic jet for the USAF. 

The Learjet 35, 35A, 36, and 36A

The Learjet 35, introduced in the early 1970s, represented a leap forward in business aviation. Its sleek design and remarkable performance, including a cruising speed of over 500 knots, quickly established it as a preferred choice among private jet owners and corporate entities seeking unparalleled speed and efficiency. 

It was one of the fastest medium-haul jets of its era when it first entered production. More Learjet 35s have been sold than any other Learjet aircraft, and many remain in service today, even after 50 years of operation; a testament to the durability and quality of these aircraft. The Learjet 35A, an upgraded Learjet 35 with an extended range, was introduced in 1976, and is the basis for the Bombardier Lear C-21.

Building upon the success of the Learjet 35, the Learjet 36 was introduced, featuring an extended range to accommodate longer flights, at the expense of some passenger seating to accommodate extra fuel tanks. Subsequently, the Learjet 36A incorporated various improvements, including a more advanced avionics suite, upgraded engines, and a higher maximum gross weight, further solidifying the Learjet's reputation for excellence in the business jet market. 

The Bombardier Lear C-21

The transformation of the Learjet into the Bombardier Lear C-21 marked its adaptation for military purposes, specifically for the U.S. Air Force. Designated as the C-21A, this variant was tailored to serve as a utility aircraft, primarily employed for personnel transport, logistics support, cargo transport, and certain medevac transport missions within the Air Force's operations. 

Selected for its speed, versatility, and range, the C-21A underwent modifications to align with the stringent requirements of naval aviation. The C-21A has room for eight passengers and 42 cubic feet of cargo. The fleet entered service with the U.S. Air Force between 1984 and 1985. 

Bombardier Lear C-21 Specs

The Bombardier Lear C-21, born from the distinguished Learjet series and adapted for military utility, has become a staple in the U.S. Air Force’s aircraft inventory, as well as with many overseas operators. Let’s take a look at: 

  1. The C-21’s technical specs
  2. U.S. Military C-21 Inventory
  3. Other Military Operators

Here are the features that have made the Lear C-21 a mainstay of VIP, private, and corporate jet lifestyles around the world. 

Technical Specs

As an “off-the-shelf” version of the Learjet 35A, the Lear C-21 has the same specifications as its civilian counterpart. Here’s what this aircraft delivers: 

  • Crew: two (pilot and copilot)
  • Length: 48 ft 8 in 
  • Wingspan: 39 ft 6 in 
  • Height: 12 ft 3 in 
  • Empty weight: 9,154 lb 
  • Max takeoff weight: 18,000 lb 
  • Engine: 2 × Garrett TFE731-2-2B turbofans, 3,500 lb (16 kN) thrust each
  • Maximum speed: 542 mph at 25,000 ft 
  • Cruise speed: 481 mph at 45,000 ft 
  • Range: 2,857 nmi (3,288 mi) with 4 passengers
  • Service ceiling: 45,000 ft 

Equipped with advanced avionics systems tailored to military specifications, the C-21 features specialized communication and navigation equipment to ensure operational efficiency and safety.

U.S. Military C-21 Inventory

There are currently 19 Bombardier Lear C-21As in the U.S. Air Force, and 18 in the Air National Guard. In 1997, all continental U.S.-based C-21As were restructured under Air Mobility Command, a Major Command of the U.S. Air Force. For these aircraft, the 375th Airlift Wing at Scott Air Force Base in Illinois is the lead command. 

There are also a number of C-21As based outside the continental United States. These aircraft are primarily located at Ramstein Air Base, Germany’s 76th Airlift Squadron (USAFE). Within the U.S. Air Force and Air National Guard, these aircraft play a variety of distinct roles, which we’ll discuss shortly. 

Other Military Operators

Beyond the U.S. military, the C-21 has found favor among other military operators worldwide. Foreign ally operators include: 

  • Argentine Air Force
  • Bolivian Air Force
  • Brazilian Air Force
  • Chilean Air Force
  • Finnish Air Force
  • Japan Maritime Self Defense Force
  • Mexican Air Force
  • Namibian Air Force
  • Peruvian Air Force
  • Royal Saudi Air Force
  • Swiss Air Force
  • United Arab Emirates Navy
  • Royal Thai Air Force

It’s estimated that between 20-30 Bombardier Lear C-21s are being operated by foreign military allies overseas, primarily for transport, logistical support, medical evacuation, and sometimes training purposes. 

USAF Lear C-21 in the air
Image Source

Military Roles of the Bombardier Lear C-21

The Bombardier Lear C-21, adapted from its civilian origins to suit military specifications, has seamlessly integrated into various critical roles within military operations worldwide. Renowned for its range, speed, and comfort, the C-21 serves in multifaceted capacities across different areas of the military, including. 

  1. Air Mobility Command (AMC)
  2. VIP Transport
  3. Medical Evacuation

Let’s take a closer look at these three roles of the Bombardier Lear C-21 within the military.

 Air Mobility Command 

Within the U.S. Air Force's Air Mobility Command (AMC), the C-21A has become an invaluable asset for rapid and efficient air transportation. Primarily employed in the transport of high-priority passengers, cargo, and critical supplies, these aircraft play a pivotal role in maintaining operational readiness. 

In AMC service, the C-21A facilitates the swift deployment of military personnel to different operational theaters, aiding in the transportation of key personnel, equipment, and resources to support mission-critical objectives. Its speed and versatility enable the Air Mobility Command to execute time-sensitive missions quickly and accurately.

VIP Transport

The Bombardier Lear C-21's versatility extends to VIP transport duties, serving as a preferred choice for transporting high-ranking military and government officials. Equipped with luxurious interiors and tailored amenities, these aircraft provide a comfortable and secure environment for VIPs during travel. 

Whether for diplomatic missions, government delegations, or senior military leaders, the C-21's capabilities and range ensure seamless and secure transportation for VIPs, maintaining confidentiality, security, and efficiency throughout their journeys.

Medical Evacuation

Adapted for medical evacuation missions, the C-21 demonstrates its versatility by swiftly converting into an air ambulance when required. Configured to accommodate medical equipment and trained personnel, these aircraft serve as critical assets in evacuating wounded personnel from remote or hostile locations to advanced medical facilities. The C-21 is capable of transporting one litter (stretcher) or up to five standing patients during medical evacuations. 

Future of the Bombardier Lear C-21

As the aviation landscape evolves and technologies advance, questions arise regarding the future of the Bombardier Lear C-21, especially given its lengthy history and almost five decades of military service. Here’s what we know so far about the trajectory of the C-21. 

Upgrades

Despite being in service for so long, the Bombardier Lear C-21 didn’t undergo any major upgrades until 2020, when the Air Force spent an estimated $38 million to refresh the aircraft’s avionics suite and replacing the outdated analog cockpit with a modernized, digital version and incorporating a suite of new systems to adhere to Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations. 

As part of the upgrades, the Lear C-21s now have: 

  • New weather radars
  • Flight management systems
  • Certain FAA-required air traffic control systems like ADS-B
  • A new glass cockpit layout 

The re-design of the C-21’s cockpit enabled the Air Force to change the layout of the flight instruments and displays to be more aligned with other military aircraft, making it easier for pilots in training to transition to the C-21. The other improvements make the aircraft easier to land (and open up the number of landing approaches available) and increase the altitude range of the lear C-21. 

Retirements

In 2021, Bombardier announced the end of Learjet production, after six decades of defining private air travel. Due to changing demands and an increased emphasis on range, Bombardier has decided to instead focus on its Challenger line and long-range Global Express family. Although the main production facility in Wichita, Kansas is no longer producing Learjets, Bombardier is still using this location as a primary service hub for maintenance and aircraft sustainment. 

In mid-2023, the C-21A marked the end of 32 years of operation in the Middle East. For three decades, it was the preferred option for transporting distinguished visitors around the Middle East. Although these aircraft have not yet been retired, the C-21’s homecoming does appear to signify the end of an era. 

As with any aircraft, the Lear C-21 will have a fixed lifespan. Although these jets have been a beacon of stability for over 40 years, their aging air frames and increasing maintenance costs will likely start to dictate the retirement of these iconic jets. Until the C-21s are phased out and replaced with newer, more advanced platforms, aircraft sustainment is the key to keeping these military jets in the sky. 

Bombardier Lear C-21 Sustainment at Greenwood Aerospace

At Greenwood Aerospace, we take pride in being a trusted source for premium-grade components and accessories specifically designed for the optimal performance of your fleet. With timely sustainment, we can help ensure seamless operation of your C-21s, mitigating operational interruptions or setbacks. 

One of the biggest challenges of C-21 maintenance is a dwindling supply of spare parts, due to many commercial C-21s being replaced with newer jets. With our network of trusted parts suppliers and reliable supply chains, Greenwood Aerospace is your top choice for Bombardier Lear C-21 aircraft sustainment. 

As well as parts procurement, we offer military and defense contracting services, ground support equipment, aviation logistics, and parts storage and distribution. To learn more about any of our services, contact Greenwood Aerospace today. We’d love to hear from you and help care for your C-21 fleet!

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