The Gulfstream C-37, a militarized version of the Gulfstream V, is a VIP jet known for its range, speed, and adaptability. Over the years, this aircraft has stood out as a reliable performer in both military and civilian domains. In this guide, we’ll explore the Gulfstream C-37 in-depth, discussing: 

  1. The history of the Gulfstream C-37
  2. Technical specifications and features of the Gulfstream C-37
  3. Military roles and operators of the Gulfstream C-37
  4. Gulfstream C-37 comparisons and competitors
  5. The importance of Gulfstream C-37 sustainment
  6. The future of the C-37 in military operations

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Contact us to learn how we can elevate your aviation program, or start a quote here. In the meantime, join us as we explore the specifications, roles, and competitors of the Gulfstream C-37. 

History of the Gulfstream C-37

The lineage of the Gulfstream C-37 starts with Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation. From its inception, Gulfstream set a high standard for luxury and performance in the aviation industry. Let’s start our article by exploring: 

  1. Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation
  2. Gulfstream’s earlier aircraft
  3. The development and origins of the C-37
  4. Gulfstream C-37 Variants

The evolution of the C-37 stands as a testament to Gulfstream's commitment to excellence.

Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation

Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation, founded in 1958, emerged as a pivotal force in the field of business aviation. Known for crafting high-performance, luxury fixed-wing aircraft, Gulfstream quickly garnered a reputation for pushing the boundaries of aviation technology and has produced more than 2,000 aircraft since 1958. 

Today, Gulfstream is still designing new aircraft, with a new sales and design center opening in Beverly Hills in 2023. While a majority of Gulfstream’s aircraft are used for private, civilian, and luxury purposes, the C-37’s military use has also played a significant role in Gulfstream’s success. 

Gulfstream’s Earlier Aircraft

Gulfstream's journey began in the late 1950s with the development of the Grumman Gulfstream I (G-I), a twin-turboprop business aircraft designed to seat 12 passengers. The G-I offered innovation that was yet to be seen in the business aviation industry, setting the stage for Gulfstream’s reputation for innovation and luxury. Its successor, the Gulfstream II, further solidified Gulfstream's position in the private aviation industry, boasting improved performance and range.

The evolution continued with the Gulfstream III and IV, marking significant strides in aviation technology. The Gulfstream III's increased range and improved fuel efficiency made it a staple for long-range travel, and it was the first business jet to fly over both poles. The Gulfstream IV introduced advancements in avionics and passenger comfort, setting new standards for luxury jets.

The advancements, lessons learned, and technological innovations from Gulfstream's earlier models served as a springboard for the development of the Gulfstream C-37. The expertise gained from these aircraft significantly influenced the design philosophy and engineering excellence that characterize the Gulfstream C-37, solidifying Gulfstream's reputation as an industry leader and providing a gateway for the company to branch into military aviation.

Development and Origins of the C-37

After Gulfstream developed the Gulfstream IV, its attention shifted to the next generation of business jets. The Gulfstream V (GV), the company’s first ultra-long-range business jet, was first rolled out in 1995. Derived from the Gulfstream IV, the GV featured: 

  • An updated engine
  • A higher operating ceiling
  • A larger horizontal tail area and wingspan 
  • Increased maximum takeoff and landing weights 

The genesis of the Gulfstream C-37 traces back to a need for a reliable and versatile aircraft capable of fulfilling military roles. The C-37 is the military designation for the Gulfstream V, and doesn’t feature any significant changes from the original version. 

Gulfstream C-37 Variants

The Gulfstream C-37 family encompasses two variants, the C-37A and the C-37B. While these two aircraft share similarities, they are actually derived from distinct civilian Gulfstream aircraft. The C-37A is the militarized version of the Gulfstream GV, and the C-37B comes from another aircraft, the Gulfstream G550. 

The G550, produced from 2002 to 2021, has improved range and fuel efficiency compared to the GV, as well as some communication upgrades and other enhancements. The U.S. military has three distinct designations for the G550, depending on its configuration. These include: 

  • C-37B: The G550 in a VIP passenger configuration
  • EA-37B: The G550 in an electronic warfare configuration
  • NC-37B: The G550 in an airborne early warning (AEW) configuration

The C-37A and C-37B are both designed to fulfill distinct operational needs. The C-37A features luxurious interiors to make executive transport more comfortable, while the C-37B is enhanced and optimized for military operations, offering versatility and adaptability for different mission types, including intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR). 

Gulfstream V N111 at Frederick Municipal Airport, Maryland, USA
Image Source

Specifications of the Gulfstream C-37

Let’s explore the specs of the C-37. By comparing the technical details and features of the C-37A vs C-37B, it’s easy to see where the similarities and differences lie between these two military aircraft and their distinct roles. In this section, we’ll explore: 

  1. Technical details and dimensions
  2. Engine specifics
  3. Performance
  4. Design and features

Technical Details and Dimensions

Let’s start with the Gulfstream C-37A: 

  • Wingspan: 93.5 feet
  • Length: 96.4 feet
  • Height: 25.8 feet
  • Max. takeoff weight: 90,500 pounds
  • Engine: Two BMW/Rolls-Royce BR710A1-10 turbofans, each 14,750 lb thrust
  • Cruise speed: 345 mph
  • Range (normal cruise): 6,300 miles (5,500 nautical miles)
  • Maximum altitude: 51,000 feet
  • Passenger load: 12

Next, let’s contrast the C-37B: 

  • Wingspan: 93.5 feet
  • Length: 96.4 feet
  • Height: 25.8 feet
  • Max. takeoff weight: 91,000 pounds
  • Engine: Two BMW/Rolls-Royce BR710C4-11 turbofans, each 15,385 lb thrust
  • Cruise speed: 345 mph
  • Range (normal cruise): 6,700 miles (5,560 nautical miles)
  • Maximum altitude: 51,000 feet
  • Passenger load: 14

While the dimensions of the two aircraft are the same, the C-37B has an increased maximum takeoff weight, a different engine, and an improved range compared to the C-37A. It’s also configured for up to 14 passengers, compared to the 12 of the C-37A. 

Engine Specifics

The engine was one of the main changes of the Gulfstream GV compared to the previous Gulfstream IV. The Gulfstream IV featured Rolls-Royce Tay engines, while the GV (and in turn, the C-37A) features Rolls-Royce BR700-710A1-10 engines with increased thrust and a higher bypass ratio. These engines also incorporate full authority digital engine controls (FADEC). 

Compared to the Gulfstream IV, this gives the Gulfstream V a higher maximum altitude and take-off weight. On the other hand, the Gulfstream C-37B features two BMW/Rolls-Royce BR710C4-11 turbofans, which contribute to the increased range and maximum takeoff weight of the C-37B compared to the C-37A. 

Performance

The C-37's performance metrics are a big part of why this aircraft excels in its role of distinguished transportation. With a cruising speed of 522 mph and a remarkable range of 6,300 to 6,700 miles, this aircraft is perfect for covering vast distances with efficiency. In terms of performance, the C-37B has an extended range, but the C-37A still boasts impressive numbers, explaining why it remains a top choice for executive military transport across the United States. 

Design and Features

The Gulfstream C-37 features an advanced weather radar, a modern display for the pilot, autopilot functionality, and additional safety features like enhanced vision systems. It’s also equipped with both commercial and military communications equipment that delivers secure voice and data capabilities. The C-37 also features an increased fuel capacity compared to the G-IV. 

Roles and Operators of the Gulfstream C-37

The Gulfstream C-37's versatility extends across a spectrum of roles, from military applications to civilian uses, showcasing its adaptability and reliability. Let’s explore the diverse roles it fulfills and the entities that leverage The C-37’s capabilities across the globe.

U.S. Military Applications

The Gulfstream C-37 plays a pivotal role in various branches of the U.S. military. The C-37A is operated by the U.S. Army, Navy, and Air Force. The U.S. Army operates two C-37As for VIP transport, while the Navy operates one and the Air Force operates nine C-37As. The Navy and Air Force also both use the C-37A for VIP transport. Specifically, the C-37s are operated by: 

  • The 89th Airlift Wing's 99th Airlift Squadron, Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland
  • The 6th Air Mobility Wing's 310th Airlift Squadron, MacDill Air Force Base, Florida
  • The 15th Airlift Wing's 65th Airlift Squadron, Hickam Air Force Base, Hawaii 
  • The 86th Airlift Wing's 76th Airlift Squadron, Ramstein Air Base, Germany 
  • The Executive Transport Detachment Pacific, Hickam Air Force Base, Hawaii 
  • The United States Army Priority Air Transport Det. (USAPAT), Andrews AFB, MD

The military favors the C-37 for several reasons. For a VIP jet, these aircraft have a large passenger count, making them perfect for high-ranking officials to bring their entourage, including a security detail and staff officers. Plus, the range of the C-37 means that military leaders can fly directly from various United States Air Force branches to locations all around the world, saving time and increasing comfort. 

The C-37B is also used by three branches of the U.S. military. The U.S. Army operates one C-37B, while the U.S. Air Force operates four, for both high-priority personnel movement and specialized missions like strategic airlift or ISR. The U.S. Navy operates three C-37B aircraft, and one NC-37B aircraft, a variant designed with specific structural modifications to house specialized equipment for the Navy’s Range Support Mission. 

The U.S. Coast Guard also operates one Gulfstream C-37B, designated CG-102. It’s responsible for supporting the Department of Homeland Security and Coast Guard executive leadership on international missions, acting as a command and control platform. Entering service in 2022, it’s hoped that the CG-102 will have a lifespan of at least 30 years. 

U.S. Air Force Gulfstream C-37B on a runway
Image Source

Foreign Government and Military Operators

Several foreign governments operate the Gulfstream C-37, recognizing its capabilities for long-range VIP transport and other purposes. Notable foreign operators of the C37A include: 

  • Algerian Air Force
  • Hellenic Air Force
  • Israeli Ministry of Defense
  • Italian Air Force
  • Singapore Air Force
  • Japan Coast Guard
  • State of Kuwait 
  • Saudi Arabia

While most of these foreign allies use the C-37A for VIP transport, it’s also sometimes used for medical evacuation, and in Japan’s case, maritime surveillance search and rescue. 

The C-37B is operated by the following countries: 

  • Algerian Air Force
  • Australian Air Force
  • Bahraini Royal Family
  • German Aerospace Center
  • Israeli Air Force 
  • Italian Air Force 
  • State of Kuwait
  • Nigerian Air Force
  • Polish Air Force 
  • Singapore Air Force
  • Swedish Air Force
  • Turkish Armed Forces
  • Government of Uganda 

These operators utilize the Gulfstream C-37B for a diverse range of roles, including VIP transport, ISR missions, signals intelligence, atmospheric and weather research, and more. 

Civilian Uses and Private Operators

Most Gulfstream Vs are privately owned. Corporations, private organizations, and individuals all employ this aircraft for executive travel, offering luxurious interiors and customizable layouts for business meetings and long-range travel. Private medical organizations also leverage the C-37's capabilities for medical evacuations, utilizing its spacious interiors and adaptability for critical missions.

In particular, the C-37A has had some prestigious owners. In 1999, Mark Cuban set a Guinness World Record for the largest e-commerce transaction when he paid $40 million for a Gulfstream V. In 2000, Steve Jobs received a Gulfstream V as compensation from Apple. Rupert Murdoch, Elon Musk, Tiger Woods, and Oprah Winfrey have all also joined the elite list of private C-37 owners. 

Which Aircraft Are Similar to the C-37?

While the Gulfstream C-37 is a standout in its field, it’s not the only luxury business jet out there. Let’s take a look at some of the alternatives to the C-37, including: 

We’ll break down the similarities and differences between each of these aircraft, and how they compare to the Gulfstream C-37.

Bombardier Global Express

The Global Express Series, like the C-37, focuses on executive travel, offering spacious cabins and long-range capabilities. It competes closely with the C-37 in terms of comfort, but does have a slightly longer range than the Gulfstream V that the C-37 is derived from. In the 1990s, there was significant competition between Bombardier and Gulfstream, with both manufacturers aiming to prove how their aircraft outperformed the other. 

Dassault Falcon 7X

The Falcon X family emphasizes range and comfort, similar to the C-37. While both serve executive purposes, the Falcon series lacks the military adaptability and specialized configurations seen in the militarized C-37 variants. As a private fixed-wing aircraft, though, it provides a longer range than both the Gulfstream V and the G550.

Embraer Lineage 1000

The Lineage 1000, designed for luxury and long-range travel, parallels the C-37 in cabin spaciousness and range. This Embraer aircraft can comfortably seat up to 19 passengers, more than both the C-37A and C-37B. However, it has a significantly shorter range compared to the Gulfstream equivalents. 

Airbus ACJ319

This corporate jet, based on the Airbus A319, focuses on executive travel with luxurious interiors and extended range. It has removable extra fuel tanks, stored in the cargo compartment, and a longer range than the Gulfstream V and G550. Its maximum altitude is significantly lower than the Gulfstream business jets, but it’s still a popular choice for private use. 

An all-white Gulfstream C-37 taxis a runway

The Importance of Gulfstream C-37 Sustainment

Sustainment lies at the core of ensuring the continued operational efficiency, safety, and longevity of the Gulfstream C-37. Maintenance, repairs, and logistical support are paramount in ensuring the continuous operational readiness of the Gulfstream C-37. Because the C-37 is so often used for VIP transport, it’s critical to ensure these aircraft are in peak condition and ready to go at a moment’s notice.

Efficient sustainment practices optimize the C-37's performance, ensuring it operates at peak efficiency and meets prescribed performance parameters. Routine inspections, upgrades to avionics or systems, and adherence to manufacturer-recommended practices contribute to enhancing the C-37's overall performance metrics, including speed, range, and payload capacity, and reducing operational downtime and overall costs.

Aircraft Sustainment and More at Greenwood Aerospace

Greenwood Aerospace is an experienced and reliable supplier of quality aircraft parts and accessories. Our aircraft sustainment services and extensive aerospace supply chains ensure your fleet is operating in peak condition, preventing unplanned delays or disruptions. 

Whether you need us to procure parts, offer ground support, provide kitting and logistics services, aid in foreign military sales program support, or assist with MIL-SPEC packaging, Greenwood Aerospace is here to help. 

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